Day 1: The Building Blocks of Electronics

1. Electrons and Electricity

Electrons are tiny charged particles that move inside wires. They are like little balls that can roll. When many electrons move together, they create electricity. Electricity is the flow of electrons. The amount of charge never disappears; it just moves. This is the first law of electricity.

FIRST PRINCIPLE: Charge is conserved – the total amount of electric charge in a closed system never changes.

2. Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage is the push that makes electrons move. Think of it as water pressure in a hose. Current is how many electrons pass a point each second. Think of it as the amount of water that flows. Resistance is what slows the flow, like a narrow hose. Ohm’s law ties them together: Voltage = Current × Resistance. If you increase voltage, more electrons flow unless resistance also increases.

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